Upper body

Overhead press 1RM test

The strict overhead press is the honest measure of overhead strength: no leg drive, no dip, nothing to hide behind. It is the upper-body test in the netball battery because the pass and the intercept are overhead actions.

Short answer

Strict means strict: standing, no dip, no leg drive. Adding leg drive makes it a push press, which is a different lift with a different number.

It is the upper-body test in the netball battery because the pass and the intercept are overhead actions.

What it measures

The point of the test

Maximal strict overhead pressing strength and the shoulder stability to express it.

Why it is in the Train Smart battery: Overhead strength for the pass, the intercept and the contest.

Protocol

How to run it

Strict, standing, no leg drive. Work up in singles. A 3RM entered here is converted for you.

What you need
A barbell · A rack to take the bar from · Full rest between singles
Benchmarks

What is a good score?

We are not going to publish a precise-looking table for this test. Reported ranges vary too much with protocol, equipment, level, age and sex for a single table to be honest, and most of the tables in circulation for it are uncited copies of each other.

The comparison that actually changes your training is against your own last score. That is not a consolation prize — it is what the monitoring literature supports, and it is what Train Smart does: re-test every eight weeks under the same conditions and let the trend, not the percentile, drive the program. The papers behind that are here.

Getting it right

What people get wrong

Most of the variation between two tests is protocol, not fitness. These are the faults that make one score incomparable to the last.

Using leg drive.
That is a push press — a different lift with a different number. Strict means strict.
Over-arching the lower back.
Ribs down, glutes on. A big lean-back turns it into an incline press and puts the load somewhere it should not be.
Improving it

How to actually move the number

Overhead pressing improves with upper-back strength as much as with pressing volume — the shoulder can only press from a base that holds. Program pulling at roughly twice the volume of your overhead pressing, and add direct triceps work for the lockout.

FAQ

overhead press 1RM — questions

Push press or strict press?
For testing, strict. The push press is a genuine power exercise and appears in the AFL and rugby programs, but it measures something different and the two numbers should never be compared.

Know your number. Now train for it.

Train Smart re-tests you every eight weeks on your sport’s own battery — and the results re-price your training weights and reset your conditioning paces automatically.

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